Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (r, q)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers

The propagation of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma, comprising (r,q)-distributed hot electrons, cold inertial and stationary positive ions, is investigated. Both the unmodulated modulated EAWs, such as solitary waves, rogue (RWs), breathers are discussed. Sagdeev potential approach employed to determine existence domain electron acoustic structures study perfectly symmetric planar nonlinear structures. Moreover, Schrödinger equation (NLSE) derived its solutions, including first order RWs (Peregrine soliton), higher-order (super RWs), (Akhmediev Kuznetsov–Ma soliton) presented. effects plasma parameters and, particular, spectral indices r q, distribution functions on characteristics both examined detail. In a limited cases, (r,q) compared with Maxwellian kappa distributions. present investigation may be beneficial comprehend predict laboratory space plasmas.